International Journal Administration, Business & Organization

The Impact of Banning Female Education on Household Income in Afghanistan

2026-01-08T07:52:33+00:00

This study explains how the ban on girls’ education in Afghanistan after August 2021 has affected family income. For many years, girls’ education helped families because educated women had better chances to find jobs and bring in steady earnings. When schools and universities closed again, many families worried about how they would manage without the future income they expected from their daughters. The purpose of this study is to measure how the ban has changed household income. A quantitative survey was carried out with 316 households in Kabul, Herat, Balkh, and Badakhshan. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, and the analysis used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling to examine the links between female education, expectation loss, support for education, and income. The findings show that the education ban has clearly reduced household income and increased financial stress. Families who had daughters with higher levels of education before the ban reported even bigger income losses. Expectation loss also played a role, as households that relied on future income from their daughters experienced stronger financial decline. Even with these difficulties, most families still support girls’ return to school. Overall, the results show that stopping girls from studying directly harms family finances and increases economic problems for communities across Afghanistan.

Digital Transformation and Organizational Resilience: The Mediating Role of Digital Literacy

2026-01-06T16:35:47+00:00

In an increasingly turbulent and digitalized environment, organizational resilience has become a critical capability enabling organizations to survive and thrive amid unexpected disruptions. Drawing on the digital transformation and organizational resilience framework, this study examines the role of digital literacy as a mediating mechanism through which digital transformation enhances organizational resilience. Although prior studies highlight the importance of digital transformation in strengthening resilience, limited attention has been given to the human-capability mechanisms that explain how this relationship unfolds. Addressing this gap, the present study integrates digital literacy into the digital transformation and organizational resilience. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 224 SME owners in the retail sector in Greater Bandung and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that digital transformation has a positive and significant effect on digital literacy, suggesting that digitally mature organizations are more likely to foster owner digital capabilities. In addition, digital transformation is found to directly and positively influence organizational resilience. Most importantly, the findings demonstrate that digital literacy partially mediates the relationship between digital transformation and organizational resilience. This suggests that digital transformation strengthens organizational resilience not only through technological and structural mechanisms, but also by enhancing their ability to effectively use and adapt digital technologies.

The Effect of Workload, Work Environment, and Remuneration Policy on Employee Performance through Work Motivation at the Regional Development Planning, Research, and Development Agency

2026-01-06T16:36:13+00:00

Public sector organizations face increasing challenges caused by expanding administrative duties, complex development planning, and growing public expectations for better services. These conditions place strong demands on employees, who must perform effectively despite pressures related to workload, workplace conditions, and compensation systems. This study aims to investigate how workload, work environment, and remuneration policies influence employee performance, with work motivation acting as a linking mechanism. The research used a quantitative approach by involving all employees in a regional development planning agency (BAPPELITBANGDA Pasuruan Regency), collecting data through structured questionnaires, and analyzing the relationships using a partial least squares technique. The findings reveal that balanced workloads, supportive work environments, and fair remuneration practices encourage higher motivation and lead to better employee performance. From a managerial perspective, the study highlights the importance of fair task distribution, improvement of physical and social work conditions, and the development of transparent, performance-based remuneration systems to maintain productivity and institutional effectiveness.

Analysis of the Influence of Customer Relationship Management on Customer Loyalty: A Case Study of Momoyo Ice Cream

2026-01-06T16:36:37+00:00

This study analyzes the effect of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on customer loyalty at Es Krim Momoyo, a growing F&B brand within an increasingly competitive market. The increasing variety of product choices and shifting consumer preferences make customer loyalty a critical factor for business sustainability, particularly for brands with impulsive buying patterns such as ice cream. In this context, CRM becomes an essential strategy for strengthening customer relationships through service quality, employee interaction, communication consistency, and the development of long-term engagement. Using a quantitative approach and survey method, this study examines how CRM is implemented at Momoyo and how it shapes customer loyalty. The findings reveal that effective CRM encourages positive customer experiences, strengthens emotional connections, and increases the likelihood of repeat purchases and recommendations. This study concludes that CRM plays a vital role in building and maintaining customer loyalty, and it should be prioritized as a strategic effort to enhance competitiveness, especially for emerging F&B brands facing intense market dynamics.

The Effect of Current Ratio, Debt to Asset Ratio, and Debt to Equity Ratio on Return on Assets in Pharmaceutical Companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, Period 2015–2024

2026-01-06T16:37:41+00:00

The pharmaceutical industry is an influential industrial sector in the Indonesian economy. However, by the end of 2024, almost all state-owned pharmaceutical companies experienced a decline in profits due to various problems such as the spread of vaccines and medicines due to the end of the Covid-19 pandemic, to serious problems such as accumulating debt and impacting the company's operational costs. Therefore, the author is interested in conducting research that impacts company profitability, namely the effect of the Current Ratio, Debt to Asset Ratio, and Debt to Equity Ratio on Return on Assets in the pharmaceutical industry listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2024. Data were taken from annual report data and the sample used was 40 from four pharmaceutical industries, namely PT. Indofarma Tbk, PT. Kimia Farma Tbk, PT. Phapros Tbk and PT. Pyridam Farma Tbk. The data were analyzed using panel data regression and processed using Eviews 12 software. The results of partial hypothesis testing showed that the Current Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio had no significant effect on Return on Assets, while the Debt to Asset Ratio had a significant effect on Return on Assets. Simultaneously, the variables Current Ratio, Debt to Asset Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio had a significant effect on Return on Assets of pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.