Submissions

Author Guidelines

International Journal Administration, Business & Organization (IJABO) publishes original, unpublished studies related to management, marketing, business, and public administration. Each paper has to have a certain format in order to be published in the journal. IJABO article masters can be downloaded here (Template of IJABO). All submissions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. Reviewers are expected to respond in 30 days. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is final. 

WRITING INSTRUCTIONS 

Text Formatting Rules
The following are general rules regarding the style and format of scientific articles that must be followed:

1. Language: Articles can be submitted only in English.
2. Size: Manuscripts must have a minimum 6000 and a maximum of 8000 words (including bibliographic references, tables, and figures).
3. Text editor: Word (.doc or .docx format).
4. Paper: A4 (210 mm x 297 mm).
5. Margins: Top 1 cm; bottom 2.75 cm; left and right 3 cm.
6. Font: Times New Roman, size 12pt (except for abstract, tables, and references).
7. Spacing: Single space (1 cm) between lines.
8. Header: After the first page, header contains the author's name arranged according to the following rules a) 1 author - [First Name], [Last Name]; b) 2 authors - [Last Name Author 1] and [Last Name Author 2]; c) more than 2 authors: [Last Name Author 1 et al.]
9. Paragraphs: Justified alignment, except for tables and figures. No indentation in the first paragraph of each new section and for the next paragraph using indentation of 1.27 cm beyond the normal margin.
10. Section and subsection: Section and subsection should not use numerical numbering. Furthermore, when discussing the text in general, it is recommended not to use numbering (1, 2, 3, a, b, c, etc.) or bulleted lists with symbols. Instead, replace them with sentences.
11. Foreign words: Words in other languages beside English must appear in italics.
12. Abbreviations: Abbreviations must be explained when they first appear and must be used consistently until the end of the article.
13. Table: The table must have a caption (title) explaining the meaning or intention of the table.
    ● Tables should be numbered in the order of presentation (Table 1, Table 2, etc.)
    ● The table’s title is written above the table in title case and centered position (center justified).
    ● The distance between the table’s title and the contents uses spacing after 6pt.
    ● The font size used is 10pt for both table’s titles and table content.
    ● There is no bold or colored print.
    ● Table content is written on align top left.
    ● There are no perpendicular lines in the table.
    ● The table must include sources at the bottom.
    ● Tables must be clearly legible and screenshots are not permitted.
    ● Tables must be referenced and referenced in the text.
    
14. Figures: All illustrations, whether diagrams or photographs, are referred to as Figures.
    ● The figures must have a caption (title) explaining the meaning or intention of the figures.
    ● Figures should be numbered in the order of presentation (Figures 1, Figures 2, etc.)
    ● The figure's title is written in the title case and placed below the figure in the middle position.
    ● The font used in the figure title is 10pt.
    ● Present the graph in 2D (not 3D), without shadows or other effects, and without gridlines.
    ● The figures must include sources at the bottom.
    ● Figures must be clearly legible.
    ● If the image displayed is a graph, the manuscript must include analysis and significance of the data displayed for the research activities carried out, and be cited (mentioned) in the analysis description.
    
15. Pagination: Include the number of pages (in Arabic numerals) in the lower left corner.
16. Citations: Use citation formatting in accordance with the APA 7th edition style (using the author-date system).
17. References: The list of references must be presented at the end of the paper.
    ● References are written in Times New Roman font, size 10 pt, single spacing, and justified alignment.
    ● References should be formatted using the APA 7th edition style.
    ● References must be organized alphabetically based on the author’s last name (and chronologically when applicable).
    ● Ensure that All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa.
    ● It is highly recommended to use references that have been published within the last 10 years.
    ● It is recommended to use a reference management tool.
    ● Authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the references.
    ● Examples of complete citation and reference writing can be found in this link.
    

Textual Structure
The following are the rules related to each part of a scientific article that must be followed:

1. Title: must be presented on the first page, title case style, Times New Roman font, size 14pt, in bold, and single space. The title should be as short as possible with no uncommon abbreviations or acronyms. Title does not exceed 3 (three) lines.
2. Author’s profile: all authors should be listed in the column provided, up to a maximum of 4 people. The author's profile should be written in Times New Roman using 12pt font for the author’s name and 10pt font for the affiliation, country, and email address. The corresponding author must be clearly indicated with a superscript asterisk symbol (*). The name of the author should be named in full without academic titles. 
3. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classifications codes: must be filled in by the author based on the relevance to the topic of the article. Visit the JEL Codes Guide to see the code. Each manuscript must contain 2-4 JEL codes.
4. Abstract: should be written in Times New Roman font, 10pt, single spacing, and justified alignment. The word 'ABSTRACT' as the title is written with uppercase. The abstract should briefly describe the underlying phenomenon of the study, objectives, findings, and implications. Statistical figures do not need to be included in the abstract, simply state their meaning. Abstract must be written no more than 200 words. 
5. Abstract’s keywords: must be in 3 - 5 words/phrases which should be a subset of the title. Keywords should be written as title case and using semicolons (;) as separators.
6. Body text: must include introduction, literature review, research method, research results, discussion, conclusion and references. If there is any acknowledgement, you can add it before the references. The order and naming of this body text must not be changed or removed.
7. Introduction: should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why it is important. It must provide a concise and accurate overview of the current state of the research field, supported by key references, and highlight any existing controversies or divergent hypotheses. This section should also present the state of the art, conduct a gap analysis to identify limitations in existing knowledge or solutions, and clarify the novelty of the present work. The introduction should conclude with a brief statement of the study’s main objective and its principal contributions. Throughout, the writing should remain clear and accessible to researchers from other disciplines, avoiding unnecessary technical jargon and overly general literature reviews.
8. Literature review: should discuss the past theoretical and empirical studies which become the basis of the current studies. The authors are encouraged to review recent articles and from reputable journals. Where applicable, model and hypothesis development should be developed and presented. 
9. Research method: should be described with sufficient details to allow others to replicate and build on published results. New methods and protocols should be described in detail while well-established methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited. 
10. Research results: should be arranged in logical order to form a story. The content presents facts/data and does not discuss the results. Tables and images may be used, but there is no need to re-explain the same data in images, tables, and text. To clarify the explanation, you can use subsection.
11. Discussion: contains basic explanation, relationship, and generalizations shown by the results. The description must answer the research questions. If there are doubtful results then present them objectively.
12. Conclusions: contains the facts obtained, sufficiently answers the problem, or research objective (do not constitute further discussion). The conclusion should state any possible applications, implications, and relevant speculation. If necessary, provide suggestions for further research. State the conclusion in a single sentence in paragraph form, not in numbered form. In conclusion there should be no references.
13. Acknowledgement (if any): should properly recognize individuals or organizations that contributed to the manuscript’s development but do not meet the criteria for authorship. This includes acknowledging support in areas such as general supervision, funding acquisition, technical assistance, and editorial contributions. 
14. References: must come from at least 10 sources and should be formatted using the APA 7th edition style. It is highly recommended to use references that have been published within the last 10 years. Only references cited within the text should be included.